论文标题
最终的阴影和第2层缩放
Shades of Finality and Layer 2 Scaling
论文作者
论文摘要
区块链将仅分布式附录日志与虚拟机相结合，该日志定义了如何解释日志条目。通过将交易视为虚拟机的状态转换函数，我们将状态的命名与其值的计算并在该值上达成共识。这种区别使我们能够将交易订单终止性的概念与状态价值终止性区分开。进一步考虑区块链治理如何处理灾难性失败（例如零日的利用），这使我们提出了检查点终结的概念。 关于交易顺序的共识决定了基础真理。其他所有内容 - 计算状态或处理灾难性故障的价值，例如基于错误 /零日的攻击 - 只是优化。
Blockchains combine a distributed append-only log with a virtual machine that defines how log entries are interpreted. By viewing transactions as state transformation functions for the virtual machine, we separate the naming of a state from the computation of its value and reaching consensus on that value. This distinction allows us to separate the notion of transaction order finality from state value finality. Further consideration of how blockchain governance handles catastrophic failures such as zero day exploits leads us to the notion of checkpoint finality. Consensus on the transaction order determines the ground truth. Everything else -- computing the value of a state or handling catastrophic failures such as bugs / zero-day based attacks -- are just optimizations.
