论文标题
多时间过程的波动定理
Fluctuation Theorems for multitime processes
论文作者
论文摘要
在本文中,我们将用于量子通道的波动定理扩展到多时间过程。量子通道的波动定理的限制性较小。我们表明,给定的熵产生可以等于封闭的系统环境的结果。系统在完全正面和痕量保留图下演变的假设非常笼统,但是对于系统最初与环境相关的情况,它更具体。系统环境相关性自然出现在多时间过程中,我们可以通过这些过程就相关性的影响提供清晰的物理解释。多时间过程可以提供多体渠道。这种多体通道的Choi状态称为过程张量。可以通过在一组操作上执行过程张量来得出通道。我们为多体通道及其派生通道建立了一般的量子波动定理框架。在此框架中,相关性的影响反映在马尔可夫属性中。对于马尔可夫工艺,我们可以将两点测量扩展到三点测量,并获得波动定理包含有关中间状态的完整信息。对于非马克维亚流程,对中间状态的完整测量会导致冲突。因此,我们使用中间状态的一般测量,仅提供部分信息。相应的波动定理表明记忆效应可以减少这些波动。这与可以在非马克维亚过程中恢复系统状态的事实是一致的。
In this paper, we extend the fluctuation theorems used for quantum channels to multitime processes. The fluctuation theorems for quantum channels are less restrictive. We show that the given entropy production can be equal to the result of a closed system environment. The assumption that the system evolves under a completely positive and trace preserving map is quite general, but it is more specific for cases in which the system is initially correlated with the environment. System-environment correlations arise naturally in multitime processes, with which we can give clear and physical interpretations regarding the effects of correlations. Multitime processes can provide many-body channels. The Choi state of such a many-body channel is called a process tensor. One can derive channels by executing the process tensor on a set of operations. We establish a general quantum fluctuation theorem framework for a many-body channel and its derived channels. In this framework, the effects of correlations are reflected in a Markovian property. For Markovian processes, we can extend the two-point measurement to a three-point measurement and obtain that the fluctuation theorems contain complete information about the intermediate state. For non-Markovian processes, the complete measurement of the intermediate state leads to conflicts. Therefore, we use a general measurement, which only provides partial information, for the intermediate state. The corresponding fluctuation theorems show that memory effects can reduce these fluctuations. This is consistent with the fact that system states can be recovered under non-Markovian processes.