论文标题
上学和适应健身景观的适应
Epistasis and Adaptation on Fitness Landscapes
论文作者
论文摘要
当突变的效果取决于其载体的遗传背景时，就会发生上科幻。尽管有越来越多的证据表明上症适应性很普遍，但其在进化过程中的作用是有争议的。适应性景观，基因型或表型的映射到适应性，捕获上毒的全部程度和复杂性。健身景观理论表明，上毒如何影响进化的过程和结果。此外，通过测量成千上万的相互关联基因型的竞争性适应性，经验适应性景观表明，上毒是频繁的，取决于适应性度量，景观突变的选择以及测量的环境。在这里，我回顾了健身景观理论和实验及其对关重作用在适应中的作用的影响。我根据经验适应性的景观讨论了理论期望，并突出了开放的挑战和未来的方向，指向整合理论和数据，并结合生态因素。
Epistasis occurs when the effect of a mutation depends on its carrier's genetic background. Despite increasing evidence that epistasis for fitness is common, its role during evolution is contentious. Fitness landscapes, mappings of genotype or phenotype to fitness, capture the full extent and complexity of epistasis. Fitness landscape theory has shown how epistasis affects the course and the outcome of evolution. Moreover, by measuring the competitive fitness of sets of tens to thousands of connected genotypes, empirical fitness landscapes have shown that epistasis is frequent and depends on the fitness measure, the choice of mutations for the landscape, and the environment in which it was measured. Here, I review fitness landscape theory and experiments and their implications for the role of epistasis in adaptation. I discuss theoretical expectations in the light of empirical fitness landscapes and highlight open challenges and future directions towards integrating theory and data, and incorporating ecological factors.
