论文标题

具有凸优化的障碍物围绕障碍的运动计划

Motion Planning around Obstacles with Convex Optimization

论文作者

Marcucci, Tobia, Petersen, Mark, von Wrangel, David, Tedrake, Russ

论文摘要

轨迹优化为在动态限制下的高维空间中的运动计划提供了成熟的工具。但是,当面对杂乱无章的复杂配置空间时,机器人通常会回到基于抽样的规划者身上,这些计划者在非常高的维度和连续的差分约束方面挣扎。确实,障碍是许多教科书示例的来源,即轨迹优化问题中有问题的非偶像性。在这里,我们表明凸优化实际上可以用来可靠地规划围绕障碍的轨迹。具体而言,我们考虑规划避免碰撞限制的问题,以及对轨迹的形状,持续时间和速度的成本惩罚和严格的约束。将Bézier曲线的性质与最近所提供的框架相结合,用于在凸集(GCS)图中找到最短路径,我们将计划问题作为紧凑的混合组合优化。与现有的混合企业计划者形成鲜明对比的是,我们程序的凸放松非常紧密,其解决方案的廉价圆形通常足以设计全球优势的轨迹。这将混合企业的程序降低到简单的凸优化,并自动为计划轨迹提供最佳范围。在其基础优化框架之后,我们将提议的计划者GC命名。我们演示了在各种机器人平台上进行模拟中的GC,包括四肢穿过建筑物和双臂操纵器(具有十四度自由度)在狭窄的空间中移动。使用在七度自由度操纵器上的数值实验,我们表明GC可以通过在更少的时间内找到高质量的轨迹来超越基于采样的计划者。

Trajectory optimization offers mature tools for motion planning in high-dimensional spaces under dynamic constraints. However, when facing complex configuration spaces, cluttered with obstacles, roboticists typically fall back to sampling-based planners that struggle in very high dimensions and with continuous differential constraints. Indeed, obstacles are the source of many textbook examples of problematic nonconvexities in the trajectory-optimization problem. Here we show that convex optimization can, in fact, be used to reliably plan trajectories around obstacles. Specifically, we consider planning problems with collision-avoidance constraints, as well as cost penalties and hard constraints on the shape, the duration, and the velocity of the trajectory. Combining the properties of Bézier curves with a recently-proposed framework for finding shortest paths in Graphs of Convex Sets (GCS), we formulate the planning problem as a compact mixed-integer optimization. In stark contrast with existing mixed-integer planners, the convex relaxation of our programs is very tight, and a cheap rounding of its solution is typically sufficient to design globally-optimal trajectories. This reduces the mixed-integer program back to a simple convex optimization, and automatically provides optimality bounds for the planned trajectories. We name the proposed planner GCS, after its underlying optimization framework. We demonstrate GCS in simulation on a variety of robotic platforms, including a quadrotor flying through buildings and a dual-arm manipulator (with fourteen degrees of freedom) moving in a confined space. Using numerical experiments on a seven-degree-of-freedom manipulator, we show that GCS can outperform widely-used sampling-based planners by finding higher-quality trajectories in less time.

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