论文标题

极端的质量比灵感和核簇中的潮汐破坏事件。 I.时间依赖率

Extreme mass ratio inspirals and tidal disruption events in nuclear clusters. I. Time dependent rates

论文作者

Broggi, Luca, Bortolas, Elisa, Bonetti, Matteo, Sesana, Alberto, Dotti, Massimo

论文摘要

在本文中,我们在能量和角动量的两个维度中开发了一种计算高效的,两次构造的,依赖时间的福克植物浮桥方法,以研究潮汐破坏事件(TDES)的速率(TDES),极端质量比率灵感(EMRIS)和直接直接跌落在大型黑洞(MBHS)周围发生在半体外(MBHS)周围。我们通过探索广泛的天体相关参数空间来测试代码,包括MBH质量,星系中心密度和内密度斜率。我们发现,质量分离以及通常的分布函数的时间依赖性调节事件速率:TDE始终会随着时间而下降,而Emris和暴跌达到了最大值,并经历了随后的几乎指数衰减。一旦适当地归一化,与MBH质量和星系密度不同选择的速率几乎完美地重叠。基于此,我们提供了一个简单的缩放,允许对任何MBH质量和基础银河核的时间依赖性事件速率。尽管我们的峰值速率与依赖稳态(非时期)假设的文献一般一致,但这些假设可以在很大程度上取决于系统属性的时间表上维持这些假设。特别是,对于居住在密集系统中的相对轻的MBH,这可能比回旋要短得多。这警告不要使用稳态模型计算全球TDE,EMRI和跌点率,并要求对问题进行更复杂的时间依赖的处理。

In this paper we develop a computationally efficient, two-population, time-dependent Fokker-Plank approach in the two dimensions of energy and angular momentum to study the rates of tidal disruption events (TDEs), extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs) and direct plunges occurring around massive black holes (MBHs) in galactic nuclei. We test our code by exploring a wide range of the astrophysically relevant parameter space, including MBH masses, galaxy central densities and inner density slopes. We find that mass segregation and, more in general, the time dependency of the distribution function regulate the event rate: TDEs always decline with time, whereas EMRIs and plunges reach a maximum and undergo a subsequent nearly exponential decay. Once suitably normalized, the rates associated to different choices of MBH mass and galaxy density overlap nearly perfectly. Based on this, we provide a simple scaling that allows to reproduce the time-dependent event rates for any MBH mass and underlying galactic nucleus. Although our peak rates are in general agreement with the literature relying on the steady-state (non-time dependent) assumption, those can be sustained on a timescale that strongly depends on the properties of the system. In particular this can be much shorter than a Gyr for relatively light MBHs residing in dense systems. This warns against using steady state models to compute global TDE, EMRI and plunge rates and calls for a more sophisticated, time dependent treatment of the problem.

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