论文标题
用脉冲星定时阵列与超轻暗物质的基本恒定变化约束恒定变化
Constraining Fundamental Constant Variations from Ultralight Dark Matter with Pulsar Timing Arrays
论文作者
论文摘要
PULSAR定时阵列（PTA）是频带$ \ text {nhz} \ Lessim f \sillsimμ\ text {hz} $中极敏感的检测器。超高的暗物质（ULDM），质量在$ 10^{ - 23} \，\ text {ev} \ lyseSim m_Dist \ sillsim 10^{ - 20} \，\ text {ev} $中，是在此频率窗口中生成信号的一类DM模型。尽管以前已经研究过ULDM的纯粹重力特征，但在这项工作中，我们考虑了PTA中的两个信号，它们在ULDM和普通物质之间存在直接耦合的情况下出现。这些耦合会导致基本常数（即粒子和耦合）的变化。这些变化可以改变脉冲星的惯性矩，从而通过保护角动量诱导脉冲星自旋波动，或者由于参考时钟移位而引起明显的时机残差。通过使用模拟当前PTA数据集的模拟数据，我们表明PTA实验的表现超过了扭转平衡和与电子，MUON或GLUON的ULDM的原子钟约束。对于与夸克或光子耦合的情况，我们发现PTA和原子钟设置了相似的约束。此外，我们讨论了未来的PTA如何进一步改善这些约束，并详细介绍了这些信号相对于ULDM对PTA的先前研究的影响的独特属性。
Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) are exceptionally sensitive detectors in the frequency band $\text{nHz} \lesssim f \lesssim μ\text{Hz}$. Ultralight dark matter (ULDM), with mass in the range $10^{-23}\,\text{eV} \lesssim m_ϕ\lesssim 10^{-20}\,\text{eV}$, is one class of DM models known to generate signals in this frequency window. While purely gravitational signatures of ULDM have been studied previously, in this work we consider two signals in PTAs which arise in presence of direct couplings between ULDM and ordinary matter. These couplings induce variations in fundamental constants, i.e., particle masses and couplings. These variations can alter the moment of inertia of pulsars, inducing pulsar spin fluctuations via conservation of angular momentum, or induce apparent timing residuals due to reference clock shifts. By using mock data mimicking current PTA datasets, we show that PTA experiments outperform torsion balance and atomic clock constraints for ULDM coupled to electrons, muons, or gluons. In the case of coupling to quarks or photons, we find that PTAs and atomic clocks set similar constraints. Additionally, we discuss how future PTAs can further improve these constraints, and detail the unique properties of these signals relative to the previously studied effects of ULDM on PTAs.
