论文标题
在模拟的跨机构精神科环境中,联合学习暴力事件预测
Federated learning for violence incident prediction in a simulated cross-institutional psychiatric setting
论文作者
论文摘要
住院暴力是精神病学中常见且严重的问题。知道谁可能成为暴力会影响人员配备水平并减轻严重程度。预测机学习模型可以根据临床注释评估每个患者变得暴力的可能性。但是,尽管机器学习模型受益于获得更多数据,但数据可用性受到限制,因为医院通常不会共享其数据以保护隐私。联合学习(FL)可以通过分散的方式通过培训模型来克服数据限制的问题,而无需披露合作者之间的数据。但是,尽管存在几种FL方法,但这些培训自然语言处理模型都不是临床注释。在这项工作中,我们通过模拟跨机构的精神病环境来调查联合学习对临床自然语言处理的应用,应用于暴力风险评估的任务。我们训练和比较四个模型:两个本地模型,一个联合模型和一个居中的模型。我们的结果表明,联合模型的表现优于本地模型,并且具有与数据中心化模型相似的性能。这些发现表明,联邦学习可以在跨机构的环境中成功使用,并且是基于临床笔记的联邦学习新应用的一步
Inpatient violence is a common and severe problem within psychiatry. Knowing who might become violent can influence staffing levels and mitigate severity. Predictive machine learning models can assess each patient's likelihood of becoming violent based on clinical notes. Yet, while machine learning models benefit from having more data, data availability is limited as hospitals typically do not share their data for privacy preservation. Federated Learning (FL) can overcome the problem of data limitation by training models in a decentralised manner, without disclosing data between collaborators. However, although several FL approaches exist, none of these train Natural Language Processing models on clinical notes. In this work, we investigate the application of Federated Learning to clinical Natural Language Processing, applied to the task of Violence Risk Assessment by simulating a cross-institutional psychiatric setting. We train and compare four models: two local models, a federated model and a data-centralised model. Our results indicate that the federated model outperforms the local models and has similar performance as the data-centralised model. These findings suggest that Federated Learning can be used successfully in a cross-institutional setting and is a step towards new applications of Federated Learning based on clinical notes