论文标题

需求响应市场的两个阶段机制

A Two-Stage Mechanism for Demand Response Markets

论文作者

Satchidanandan, Bharadwaj, Roozbehani, Mardavij, Dahleh, Munther A.

论文摘要

需求响应涉及系统操作员使用激励措施在高峰时段或面对偶然供应短缺时调节电力消耗。但是,系统运营商通常会有有关其客户基线的不完美信息,也就是说,如果没有激励措施,他们的消费。然后,估计客户用电减少的标准方法是估计其反事实基线。但是,这种方法对客户的估计错误或战略性开发并不强大,并且可能会导致对不减少其消费和不足的客户多付的付款。此外,客户的最佳功耗降低取决于他们减少消费的成本,这通常是对客户的私人知识,并且他们在战略上可能会误导以改善自己的公用事业,即使它减少了整体系统成本。本文提出的两阶段机制规避了上述问题。在日前的市场中,参与的负载只能向系统操作员进行日期计划的概率描述和成本进行概率描述。只有实时,当时以及当被要求进行需求响应时,需要负载才能报告其基准和成本。他们获得减少其报告的基线的信用额度。计算学分的机制保证了对日前市场中概率分布的真实报告以及实时的基准和成本的真实报告的激励兼容性。该机制可以看作是著名的Vickrey-Clarke-Groves机制的扩展,并以精心制作的第二阶段罚款对日前投标的偏差进行了精心制作的罚款。

Demand response involves system operators using incentives to modulate electricity consumption during peak hours or when faced with an incidental supply shortage. However, system operators typically have imperfect information about their customers' baselines, that is, their consumption had the incentive been absent. The standard approach to estimate the reduction in a customer's electricity consumption then is to estimate their counterfactual baseline. However, this approach is not robust to estimation errors or strategic exploitation by the customers and can potentially lead to overpayments to customers who do not reduce their consumption and underpayments to those who do. Moreover, optimal power consumption reductions of the customers depend on the costs that they incur for curtailing consumption, which in general are private knowledge of the customers, and which they could strategically misreport in an effort to improve their own utilities even if it deteriorates the overall system cost. The two-stage mechanism proposed in this paper circumvents the aforementioned issues. In the day-ahead market, the participating loads are required to submit only a probabilistic description of their next-day consumption and costs to the system operator for day-ahead planning. It is only in real-time, if and when called upon for demand response, that the loads are required to report their baselines and costs. They receive credits for reductions below their reported baselines. The mechanism for calculating the credits guarantees incentive compatibility of truthful reporting of the probability distribution in the day-ahead market and truthful reporting of the baseline and cost in real-time. The mechanism can be viewed as an extension of the celebrated Vickrey-Clarke-Groves mechanism augmented with a carefully crafted second-stage penalty for deviations from the day-ahead bids.

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