论文标题
检索增强图神经网络的实证研究
An Empirical Study of Retrieval-enhanced Graph Neural Networks
论文作者
论文摘要
图神经网络(GNN)是用于图表学习的有效工具。大多数GNN依靠递归邻里聚合方案,称为消息传递,因此它们的理论表达力仅限于一阶Weisfeiler-Lehman测试(1-WL)。应对这一挑战的有效方法是明确检索一些用于增强GNN模型的注释示例。尽管已证明检索增强模型在许多语言和视觉域中都是有效的,但在应用于图形数据集时,仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。以此为激励,我们想探索检索想法如何帮助增强图形神经网络中学习的有用信息,并设计一种称为GraphRetReval的检索增强方案,这是图形神经网络模型的选择。在GraphRetRieval中,对于每个输入图,从现有数据库中检索了类似的图及其地面标签。因此,它们可以作为完成各种图形属性预测任务的潜在增强。我们对13个数据集进行了全面的实验,我们观察到GraphRetRieval能够对现有GNN进行实质性改进。此外,我们的实证研究还表明,检索增强是减轻长尾标签分布问题的一种有希望的补救措施。
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are effective tools for graph representation learning. Most GNNs rely on a recursive neighborhood aggregation scheme, named message passing, thereby their theoretical expressive power is limited to the first-order Weisfeiler-Lehman test (1-WL). An effective approach to this challenge is to explicitly retrieve some annotated examples used to enhance GNN models. While retrieval-enhanced models have been proved to be effective in many language and vision domains, it remains an open question how effective retrieval-enhanced GNNs are when applied to graph datasets. Motivated by this, we want to explore how the retrieval idea can help augment the useful information learned in the graph neural networks, and we design a retrieval-enhanced scheme called GRAPHRETRIEVAL, which is agnostic to the choice of graph neural network models. In GRAPHRETRIEVAL, for each input graph, similar graphs together with their ground-true labels are retrieved from an existing database. Thus they can act as a potential enhancement to complete various graph property predictive tasks. We conduct comprehensive experiments over 13 datasets, and we observe that GRAPHRETRIEVAL is able to reach substantial improvements over existing GNNs. Moreover, our empirical study also illustrates that retrieval enhancement is a promising remedy for alleviating the long-tailed label distribution problem.