论文标题
天体物理环境中的灰尘形成：动力学的重要性
Dust Formation in Astrophysical Environments: The Importance of Kinetics
论文作者
论文摘要
从陨石中分离出来的星尘的天文观察和分析表明，星际和偶尔谷物库存高度，包括多种无定形材料和晶体化合物（硅酸盐和碳）。这种多样性反映了各种恒星源将固体注射到星际培养基中，每个介质都具有自己的物理特征，例如密度，温度和元素组成，并突出了动力学的重要性，而不是在这些化合物形成中的热力学的重要性。基于有关陆地环境中烟灰形成的广泛文献，已经确定了详细的动力学途径，以形成C富含C恒星恒星弹出中的碳灰尘。这些已纳入这些环境的天文学模型中。近年来，氧化物和硅酸盐成核中的化学途径一直是许多天文学研究的重点。将审查星尘形成的这些方面，并将在行星气氛中进行尘埃形成的教训，重点是动力学对这些环境中灰尘特征和结构的影响。
Astronomical observations and analysis of stardust isolated from meteorites have revealed a highly diverse interstellar and circumstellar grain inventory, including a wide range of amorphous materials and crystalline compounds (silicates and carbon). This diversity reflects the wide range of stellar sources injecting solids into the interstellar medium each with its own physical characteristics such as density, temperature and elemental composition and highlights the importance of kinetics rather than thermodynamics in the formation of these compounds. Based upon the extensive literature on soot formation in terrestrial settings, detailed kinetic pathways have been identified for the formation of carbon dust in C-rich stellar ejecta. These have been incorporated in astronomical models for these environments. In recent years, the chemical routes in the nucleation of oxides and silicates have been the focus of much astronomical research. These aspects of stardust formation will be reviewed and lessons for dust formation in planetary atmospheres will be drawn with the emphasis on the influence of kinetics on the characteristics and structure of dust in these environments.
