论文标题

WATZ:一个值得信赖的WebAssembly运行时环境,具有远程证明

WaTZ: A Trusted WebAssembly Runtime Environment with Remote Attestation for TrustZone

论文作者

Ménétrey, Jämes, Pasin, Marcelo, Felber, Pascal, Schiavoni, Valerio

论文摘要

WebAssembly(WASM)是一种新颖的低级字节码格式,其效率,多功能性和安全性迅速获得,并具有近乎本地的性能。此外,可信赖的执行环境(TEES)屏蔽了关键软件资产抵抗受损的基础架构。但是,TEE不能保证该代码值得信赖,也不保证它不会被篡改。相反,人们依靠远程证明来评估执行前的代码。本文描述了WATZ,这是(i)可信赖的ARM TrustZone Tee的WASM代码的高效且安全的运行时,以及(ii)对在Trustzone运行的WASM应用程序优化的轻量级远程认证系统,因为它缺乏内置机制来证明。使用最先进的分析仪和模型检查器正式验证了远程证明协议。我们对基于ARM的硬件的广泛评估使用合成和现实世界的基准测试,以说明IoT设备实现的典型任务。 Watz的执行速度与正常世界中的WASM Runtimes相提并论,大约达到了本地执行速度的一半,这是由WASM提供的额外安全保证和互操作性所弥补的。 WATZ是开源的,在Github上可用,并提供了重现我们实验的说明。

WebAssembly (Wasm) is a novel low-level bytecode format that swiftly gained popularity for its efficiency, versatility and security, with near-native performance. Besides, trusted execution environments (TEEs) shield critical software assets against compromised infrastructures. However, TEEs do not guarantee the code to be trustworthy or that it was not tampered with. Instead, one relies on remote attestation to assess the code before execution. This paper describes WaTZ, which is (i) an efficient and secure runtime for trusted execution of Wasm code for Arm's TrustZone TEE, and (ii) a lightweight remote attestation system optimised for Wasm applications running in TrustZone, as it lacks built-in mechanisms for attestation. The remote attestation protocol is formally verified using a state-of-the-art analyser and model checker. Our extensive evaluation of Arm-based hardware uses synthetic and real-world benchmarks, illustrating typical tasks IoT devices achieve. WaTZ's execution speed is on par with Wasm runtimes in the normal world and reaches roughly half the speed of native execution, which is compensated by the additional security guarantees and the interoperability offered by Wasm. WaTZ is open-source and available on GitHub along with instructions to reproduce our experiments.

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