论文标题

是什么使以太坊区块链交易快速或缓慢处理?一项实证研究

What makes Ethereum blockchain transactions be processed fast or slow? An empirical study

论文作者

Pacheco, Michael, Oliva, Gustavo A., Rajbahadur, Gopi Krishnan, Hassan, Ahmed E.

论文摘要

以太坊平台允许开发人员通过使用智能合约将称为DAPPS的应用程序实施和部署名为DAPP的应用程序,以供公众使用。要在智能合约中执行代码,必须向合同接口中暴露的功能之一发出付费交易。但是,只有一旦点对点网络中的一位矿工选择它,将其添加到一个块中,然后将阻塞块附加到区块链上,这会在交易提交和代码执行之间延迟一个延迟。对于DAPP开发人员来说,能够精确估计交易何时处理,这至关重要,因为这使他们能够定义并提供一定的服务质量(QOS)级别(例如,在1分钟内处理的交易的95%)。但是,尚未研究不同因素对这些时代的影响。 DAPP开发人员使用处理时间估计服务来实现预定义的QoS。然而,这些服务对哪些因素影响处理时间提供了最小的见解。考虑到围绕以太坊区块链的大量数据,处理时间的变化对于DAPP开发人员来说很难预测,因此很难维护上述QoS。在我们的研究中,我们建立了随机的森林模型,以了解与交易处理时间相关的因素。我们设计了一些捕获区块链内部因素以及交易发行人的气体定价行为的功能。通过解释我们的模型,我们得出结论,周围气体定价行为的特征与交易处理时间非常密切。根据我们的经验结果,我们为DAPP开发人员提供了具体的见解,可以帮助他们提供和维持高水平的QoS。

The Ethereum platform allows developers to implement and deploy applications called Dapps onto the blockchain for public use through the use of smart contracts. To execute code within a smart contract, a paid transaction must be issued towards one of the functions that are exposed in the interface of a contract. However, such a transaction is only processed once one of the miners in the peer-to-peer network selects it, adds it to a block, and appends that block to the blockchain This creates a delay between transaction submission and code execution. It is crucial for Dapp developers to be able to precisely estimate when transactions will be processed, since this allows them to define and provide a certain Quality of Service (QoS) level (e.g., 95% of the transactions processed within 1 minute). However, the impact that different factors have on these times have not yet been studied. Processing time estimation services are used by Dapp developers to achieve predefined QoS. Yet, these services offer minimal insights into what factors impact processing times. Considering the vast amount of data that surrounds the Ethereum blockchain, changes in processing times are hard for Dapp developers to predict, making it difficult to maintain said QoS. In our study, we build random forest models to understand the factors that are associated with transaction processing times. We engineer several features that capture blockchain internal factors, as well as gas pricing behaviors of transaction issuers. By interpreting our models, we conclude that features surrounding gas pricing behaviors are very strongly associated with transaction processing times. Based on our empirical results, we provide Dapp developers with concrete insights that can help them provide and maintain high levels of QoS.

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