论文标题
稳态热力学的热力学不确定性关系
Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations for Steady-State Thermodynamics
论文作者
论文摘要
系统可以通过时间依赖性和非保守力将系统驱动到平衡中，这会导致耗散分解为两个非负组件，称为过量和管家熵生产。我们为过度和管家熵提供热力学不确定性关系。这些可以用作估计单个组件的工具，这些组件通常很难直接测量。我们将任意电流的分解引入过量和管家部件，这些部分为各自的熵产生提供了较低的界限。此外，我们还提供了分解的几何解释，并表明这两个组件的不确定性不是独立的，而是必须遵守关节不确定性关系，这也会在整个熵产生中产生更严格的结合。我们将结果应用于两个示例，这些例子说明了当前组成部分的物理解释以及如何估计熵产生。
A system can be driven out of equilibrium by both time-dependent and nonconservative forces, which gives rise to a decomposition of the dissipation into two non-negative components, called the excess and housekeeping entropy productions. We derive thermodynamic uncertainty relations for the excess and housekeeping entropy. These can be used as tools to estimate the individual components, which are in general difficult to measure directly. We introduce a decomposition of an arbitrary current into excess and housekeeping parts, which provide lower bounds on the respective entropy production. Furthermore, we also provide a geometric interpretation of the decomposition, and show that the uncertainties of the two components are not independent, but rather have to obey a joint uncertainty relation, which also yields a tighter bound on the total entropy production. We apply our results to two examples that illustrate the physical interpretation of the components of the current and how to estimate the entropy production.
