论文标题

幅度分布上的量子算法很少

Few Quantum Algorithms on Amplitude Distribution

论文作者

Bera, Debajyoti, Sapv, Tharrmashastha

论文摘要

振幅过滤与识别叠加中的基态相关,其幅度大于指定的阈值。概率过滤的概率类似于概率。考虑到量子位的稀缺性,这项工作的重点是为它们设计对数空间算法。两种算法都遵循类似的模式,即在叠加中估算每个状态的振幅(或后一个问题的概率),然后将每个估计值与成功时设置标志量的阈值进行比较,最后随后幅度扩大了该国旗的设置状态。我们通过设计三个子例程来展示如何使用少量量子位实现每个步骤。即使“良好状态”操作员的可能性很小,我们的第一种算法也会执行振幅扩增 - 我们在这里改善了以前已知的算法的空间复杂性。我们的第二算法在“真正的振幅估计”中执行的“真实振幅估计”与“ Amplitution估算”相同的复杂性,这是表现出的,而不是三分之一的表现。平行(叠加)的幅度估计很困难,当每个估计分支涉及不同的orac时,我们观察到,过滤问题的上述算法直接改善了空间遇到的问题上的上限,例如,诸如Bolean函数和$ K $ -DESTINCTINTY的问题的问题。

Amplitude filtering is concerned with identifying basis-states in a superposition whose amplitudes are greater than a specified threshold; probability filtering is defined analogously for probabilities. Given the scarcity of qubits, the focus of this work is to design log-space algorithms for them. Both algorithms follow a similar pattern of estimating the amplitude (or, probability for the latter problem) of each state, in superposition, then comparing each estimate against the threshold for setting up a flag qubit upon success, finally followed by amplitude amplification of states in which the flag is set. We show how to implement each step using very few qubits by designing three subroutines. Our first algorithm performs amplitude amplification even when the "good state'' operator has a small probability of being incorrect -- here we improve upon the space complexity of the previously known algorithms. Our second algorithm performs "true amplitude estimation'' in roughly the same complexity as that of "amplitude estimation'', which actually estimates a probability instead of an amplitude. Our third algorithm is for performing amplitude estimation in parallel (superposition) which is difficult when each estimation branch involves different oracles. As an immediate reward, we observed that the above algorithms for the filtering problems directly improved the upper bounds on the space-bounded query complexity of problems such as non-linearity estimation of Boolean functions and $k$-distinctness.

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