论文标题
拓扑AI预测未来主导的病毒变体
Topological AI forecasting of future dominating viral variants
论文作者
论文摘要
对SARS-COV-2进化和传播机制的理解是我们时代最大的挑战之一。通过整合人工智能（AI），从患者中分离出来的病毒基因组，成千上万的突变数据，生物物理学，生物信息学和代数拓扑结构，SARS-COV-2演化被揭示由基于感染性的自然选择控制。在2020年夏季预测，在病毒尖峰蛋白受体结合结构域（RBD）上的两个关键突变位点，即L452和N501，早在盛行的变体中，早于它们出现在Alpha，Beta，Beta，Delta，delta，Kappa，Theta，Theta，Lambda，Mu和Omicron中。最近的研究确定了一种自然选择的新机制：抗体抗性。基于AI的Omicron感染性，疫苗突破和抗体耐药性的预测几乎通过实验得到了几乎完美的证实。预计2月初，BA.2在3月下旬替换了BA.2的主要BA.1。 2022年5月1日，持久的基于拉普拉斯的AI预测Omicron BA.4和BA.5成为新的主要Covid-19变体。这个预测在6月下旬变为现实。拓扑AI模型可以准确预测突变对单克隆抗体（MAB）功效的影响。
The understanding of the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 evolution and transmission is one of the greatest challenges of our time. By integrating artificial intelligence (AI), viral genomes isolated from patients, tens of thousands of mutational data, biophysics, bioinformatics, and algebraic topology, the SARS-CoV-2 evolution was revealed to be governed by infectivity-based natural selection. Two key mutation sites, L452 and N501 on the viral spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD), were predicted in summer 2020, long before they occur in prevailing variants Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Kappa, Theta, Lambda, Mu, and Omicron. Recent studies identified a new mechanism of natural selection: antibody resistance. AI-based forecasting of Omicron's infectivity, vaccine breakthrough, and antibody resistance was later nearly perfectly confirmed by experiments. The replacement of dominant BA.1 by BA.2 in later March was predicted in early February. On May 1, 2022, persistent Laplacian-based AI projected Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 to become the new dominating COVID-19 variants. This prediction became reality in late June. Topological AI models offer accurate prediction of mutational impacts on the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).
