论文标题
工作场所母乳喂养立法和女性劳动力参与美国
Workplace Breastfeeding Legislation and Female Labor Force Participation in the United States
论文作者
论文摘要
本文研究了法律规定提供工作场所母乳喂养便利设施对妇女在美国劳动力参与的影响。使用美国社区调查和收入动态的小组研究，在交错的差异差异框架中，我发现工作场所母乳喂养立法的证据大大增加了在数据集和多个规格中的女性劳动力参与（FLFP）的可能性，至少提高了1.5个百分点。在两个数据集中，法律后的FLFP的时机和大小都不同。我使用疾病预防控制中心的婴儿喂养实践调查以及PSID的童年和采用补充剂来加强分析，这进一步暗示了法律对母乳喂养妇女的影响。异质性分析表明，亚组之间存在实质治疗效应异质性，但这些发现是特定于单独数据集的。在这两个数据集中，在平均法律前FLFP相对较低的州，该立法似乎更有效。我还发现了溢出效应的负面溢出效应的证据，没有儿童和儿童的妇女可能会减少其LFP，以应对立法。
This paper studies the effects of legislation mandating the provision of workplace breastfeeding amenities on the labor force participation of women in the United States. Using both the American Community Survey and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, in a staggered difference-in-differences framework, I find evidence that workplace breastfeeding legislation significantly increases the likelihood of female labor force participation (FLFP) across both datasets and multiple specifications, by at least 1.5 percentage points. The timing and magnitude of the post-law increases in FLFP differ across the two datasets. I bolster the analyses using the CDC's Infant Feeding Practices Survey and the Childhood and Adoption Supplement to the PSID, which further suggest an influence of the laws on breastfeeding women. Heterogeneity analysis indicates the presence of substantial treatment effect heterogeneity across subgroups, but the findings are specific to the separate datasets. Across both datasets, the legislation appears to be more effective in states where average pre-law FLFP was comparatively low. I also find evidence of a negative spillover effect, whereby women without children and women with older children may have reduced their LFP in response to the legislation.
