论文标题
城市流动性
Urban Mobility
论文作者
论文摘要
在本章中，我们从复杂性科学的角度讨论了城市流动性。首先，我们概述了启用这种方法的数据集，例如手机记录，基于位置的社交网络轨迹或来自车辆上安装的传感器的GPS轨迹。然后，我们回顾对人类运动特性的经验和理论理解，包括行进距离和时间的分布，轨迹的熵以及位置勘探和剥削之间的相互作用。接下来，我们解释了个体移动性的生成和预测模型，以及由于可预测性的内在限制而引起的局限性。最后，我们从系统的角度讨论城市运输，包括乘车，多模式和可持续运输等系统范围的挑战。
In this chapter, we discuss urban mobility from a complexity science perspective. First, we give an overview of the datasets that enable this approach, such as mobile phone records, location-based social network traces, or GPS trajectories from sensors installed on vehicles. We then review the empirical and theoretical understanding of the properties of human movements, including the distribution of travel distances and times, the entropy of trajectories, and the interplay between exploration and exploitation of locations. Next, we explain generative and predictive models of individual mobility, and their limitations due to intrinsic limits of predictability. Finally, we discuss urban transport from a systemic perspective, including system-wide challenges like ridesharing, multimodality, and sustainable transport.
