论文标题
部分可观测时空混沌系统的无模型预测
Flashlights: More than A Dozen High-Significance Microlensing Events of Extremely Magnified Stars in Galaxies at Redshifts z=0.7-1.5
论文作者
论文摘要
一旦仅在附近的星系中可以进入，我们现在就可以研究许多可观察到的宇宙中的单个恒星，这些恒星得到了星系群集重力透镜的帮助。当恒星，紧凑的物体或前景星系群簇透镜中的多个此类物体变得对齐时，它们可以放大背景个体恒星，而放大峰的时间尺度可以将其大小限制在数十万个AU中。因此，微透析事件的数量和频率为恒星和紧凑物体的种群以及高红移恒星打开了一个窗口。要组装恒星的第一个统计样本，以限制红移Z = 0.7-1.5的巨大恒星的初始质量功能（IMF），在银河系群集的深色物质中的原始黑洞和恒星的IMF的丰富性以及构成恒星的IMF，我们正在与插入的光线组成的光线，我们正在使用192-Orbit的程序来完成，该程序既可以完成，又是tribblit tribt trimbles trimps trimbles trimbles trimbles trimbles trimbles trimps trimps trimps to-flosss to-flossird'安排挑战。我们使用Ultrawide F200LP和F350LP长pass WFC3 UVIS过滤器，并进行两次分隔一年的16个轨道访问。在两次访问中具有相同的滚动角度，虽然难以安排，但会产生极其干净的减法。在这里，我们报告了发现了十几个明亮的微透镜事件，其中包括1980年代发现的著名“龙弧”中的多个例子，以及“ Spocks”和“ Warhol”弧线，这些弧线已托管已经众所周知的超级巨人。超模拟观察者框架的紫外线成像对热星敏感，这将补充詹姆斯·韦伯（James Webb）空间望远镜红外成像。我们还获得了高度放大弧的大型双筒望远镜Luci和Keck-I Mosfire近红外光谱，以限制其最近的恒星形成历史。
Once only accessible in nearby galaxies, we can now study individual stars across much of the observable universe aided by galaxy-cluster gravitational lenses. When a star, compact object, or multiple such objects in the foreground galaxy-cluster lens become aligned, they can magnify a background individual star, and the timescale of a magnification peak can limit its size to tens of AU. The number and frequency of microlensing events therefore opens a window into the population of stars and compact objects, as well as high-redshift stars. To assemble the first statistical sample of stars in order to constrain the initial mass function (IMF) of massive stars at redshift z=0.7-1.5, the abundance of primordial black holes in galaxy-cluster dark matter, and the IMF of the stars making up the intracluster light, we are carrying out a 192-orbit program with the Hubble Space Telescope called "Flashlights," which is now two-thirds complete owing to scheduling challenges. We use the ultrawide F200LP and F350LP long-pass WFC3 UVIS filters and conduct two 16-orbit visits separated by one year. Having an identical roll angle during both visits, while difficult to schedule, yields extremely clean subtraction. Here we report the discovery of more than a dozen bright microlensing events, including multiple examples in the famous "Dragon Arc" discovered in the 1980s, as well as the "Spocks" and "Warhol" arcs that have hosted already known supergiants. The ultradeep observer-frame ultraviolet-through-optical imaging is sensitive to hot stars, which will complement deep James Webb Space Telescope infrared imaging. We are also acquiring Large Binocular Telescope LUCI and Keck-I MOSFIRE near-infrared spectra of the highly magnified arcs to constrain their recent star-formation histories.
