论文标题
半个世纪的全球科学合作和“缩小世界”
A half-century of global collaboration in science and the 'Shrinking World'
论文作者
论文摘要
近几十年来，研究人员的跨境协作模式发生了巨大的转变，国家越来越合作并相互竞争。对于学术界和政策领域的领导者来说，了解国际研究合作的全部范围，其国家在IT的地位以及随着时间的推移的发展至关重要。但是，这种世界规模活力的证据仍然很少。本文提供了独特的证据，证明了在过去的50年中如何形成和进化的各种科学出版物的国际协作群集如何使用Openalex的数据，Openalex是2022年启动的大规模开放式书目图表平台的数据。我们首先研究了全球顶级国家的存在如何在15个自然科学的纪律中发生了变化，如出版物量和国际合作率和国际合作率所衡量的那样。值得注意的是，我们观察到，美国和中国在数十年后一直在迅速迈进，但在2019年之后开始分开。然后，我们进行了分层聚类，以分析和可视化每个学科和时期的国际协作群集。最后，我们提供了过去半个世纪的全球研究合作世界“缩水世界”的定量证据。我们的结果为过去，现在和将来的国际合作的全局提供了宝贵的见解。
Recent decades have witnessed a dramatic shift in the cross-border collaboration mode of researchers, with countries increasingly cooperating and competing with one another. It is crucial for leaders in academia and policy to understand the full extent of international research collaboration, their country's position within it, and its evolution over time. However, evidence for such world-scale dynamism is still scarce. This paper provides unique evidence of how international collaboration clusters have formed and evolved over the past 50 years across various scientific publications, using data from OpenAlex, a large-scale Open Bibliometrics platform launched in 2022. We first examine how the global presence of top-tier countries has changed in 15 natural science disciplines over time, as measured by publication volumes and international collaboration rates. Notably, we observe that the US and China have been rapidly moving closer together for decades but began moving apart after 2019. We then perform a hierarchical clustering to analyse and visualise the international collaboration clusters for each discipline and period. Finally, we provide quantitative evidence of a `Shrinking World' of research collaboration at a global scale over the past half-century. Our results provide valuable insights into the big picture of past, present and future international collaboration.
