论文标题
饱和热传导对热等离子体中云的影响
The effect of saturated thermal conduction on clouds in a hot plasma
论文作者
论文摘要
我们从数值上研究了多相云的内部演化,这些演化与代表近代培养基(CGM)热分成分的环境,高度离子化的培养基(HIM)相对于静止。在多相云中评估了时间依赖性的饱和热传导及其含义(如冷凝速率和混合效率)。我们的仿真是通过使用自适应网状改进代码闪光灯进行的。我们在此处介绍的模型网格网格是为了提出的研究的特征。模型云最初都处于静液压和热平衡状态,并且与HIM处于压力平衡。因此,它们在与他的界面处的温度和密度都具有陡峭的梯度,导致不可忽略的热传导。几个物理过程在数值或半分析上被视为:气体的热传导,辐射冷却和气体的外部加热,自重,质量扩散以及分子的分离以及原子的电离。事实证明,饱和的热传导会触发连续的冷凝,而与云质量无关。与环境的动力相互作用都与云中的径向密度梯度有关:(1)由于凝结而引起的质量通量越高,云的均匀性越大。 (2)在低质量云中,将凝结气体与云气体混合在一起,因为它们具有较浅的径向密度梯度;因此(3)积聚的气体更有效地分布。云与他之间的界面界面形成了一个独特的亚属结构过渡区,该区域从较小的半径开始,并且根据分析理论得出的范围要窄得多。
We numerically investigate the internal evolution of multiphase clouds, which are at rest with respect to an ambient, highly ionized medium (HIM) representing the hot component of the circumgalactic medium (CGM). Time-dependent saturated thermal conduction and its implications like condensation rates and mixing efficiency are assessed in multiphase clouds. Our simulations are carried out by using the adaptive mesh refinement code Flash. We perform a grid of models of which we present here those characteristic for the presented study. The model clouds are initially in both hydrostatic and thermal equilibrium and are in pressure balance with the HIM. Thus, they have steep gradients in both temperature and density at the interface to HIM leading to non-negligible thermal conduction. Several physical processes are considered numerically or semi-analytically: thermal conduction, radiative cooling and external heating of gas, self-gravity, mass diffusion, and dissociation of molecules and ionization of atoms. It turns out that saturated thermal conduction triggers a continuous condensation irrespective of cloud mass. Dynamical interactions with ambient HIM all relate to the radial density gradient in the clouds: (1) mass flux due to condensation is the higher the more homogeneous the clouds are; (2) mixing of condensed gas with cloud gas is easier in low-mass clouds, because of their shallower radial density gradient; thus (3) accreted gas is distributed more efficiently. A distinct and sub-structured transition zone forms at the interface between cloud and HIM, which starts at smaller radii and is much narrower as deduced from analytical theory.