论文标题

在没有洋葱颗星的挖掘器上

On digraphs without onion star immersions

论文作者

Bożyk, Łukasz, Defrain, Oscar, Okrasa, Karolina, Pilipczuk, Michał

论文摘要

$ t $ onion恒星是从售价为$ 2T $叶子的恒星获得的挖掘,通过将每个边缘替换为三重弧线,在$ t $的三倍中,我们将两个弧形远离中心远离两个弧线,而在其余的$ t $ Tirp中,我们向中心两个弧线朝向中心。请注意,$ t $ onion star作为沉浸式的$ t $ vertices上的每一个挖掘都包含,每个顶点最多都有$ 2 $,最多$ 1 $,反之亦然。我们研究了挖掘物中排除固定洋葱恒星的结构。主要发现是,在这种digraphs中,对于某些双重性语句,在无向环境中,我们可以证明其有向类似物。更具体地说,我们将显示下两个语句。 There is a function $f\colon \mathbb{N}\to \mathbb{N}$ satisfying the following: If a digraph $D$ contains a set $X$ of $2t+1$ vertices such that for any $x,y\in X$ there are $f(t)$ arc-disjoint paths from $x$ to $y$, then $D$ contains the $t$-onion star as沉浸。 There is a function $g\colon \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}\to \mathbb{N}$ satisfying the following: If $x$ and $y$ is a pair of vertices in a digraph $D$ such that there are at least $g(t,k)$ arc-disjoint paths from $x$ to $y$ and there are at least $ g(t,k)$ arc-disewoint路径从$ y $到$ x $,然后$ d $包含$ t $ onion star作为沉浸式,或者有一个$ 2K $ $ $ $ $ $ k $的家族的$ k $路径,从$ x $到$ y $ y $ y $ y $ y $ y $ y $ $ x $ x $ x $ x $ x $。

The $t$-onion star is the digraph obtained from a star with $2t$ leaves by replacing every edge by a triple of arcs, where in $t$ triples we orient two arcs away from the center, and in the remaining $t$ triples we orient two arcs towards the center. Note that the $t$-onion star contains, as an immersion, every digraph on $t$ vertices where each vertex has outdegree at most $2$ and indegree at most $1$, or vice versa. We investigate the structure in digraphs that exclude a fixed onion star as an immersion. The main discovery is that in such digraphs, for some duality statements true in the undirected setting we can prove their directed analogues. More specifically, we show the next two statements. There is a function $f\colon \mathbb{N}\to \mathbb{N}$ satisfying the following: If a digraph $D$ contains a set $X$ of $2t+1$ vertices such that for any $x,y\in X$ there are $f(t)$ arc-disjoint paths from $x$ to $y$, then $D$ contains the $t$-onion star as an immersion. There is a function $g\colon \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}\to \mathbb{N}$ satisfying the following: If $x$ and $y$ is a pair of vertices in a digraph $D$ such that there are at least $g(t,k)$ arc-disjoint paths from $x$ to $y$ and there are at least $g(t,k)$ arc-disjoint paths from $y$ to $x$, then either $D$ contains the $t$-onion star as an immersion, or there is a family of $2k$ pairwise arc-disjoint paths with $k$ paths from $x$ to $y$ and $k$ paths from $y$ to $x$.

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